Curiosity, a sense in human which make it different being from others on the planet. From ancient times people were interested in what’s happening in the sky; what and why occurs etc. From Hindu mythology to Egyptian astronomy, all this clear indicates the evidence of our ancestors interest in space science. As the technology rises, our quest for more information increase. The most helpful instrument for the astronomers is telescope. Telescope helps us to clearly track any celestial object in the night sky. But the major concerned a rose with these ground based telescopes. Due to multiple layers of atmosphere and light pollution, the study force face become in effective enhance we came up with the most advanced space based telescopes. In this article we will discuss about the scientific miracles, a step towards intelligent civilization — JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE.
JWST is one of the most advanced telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy. Its high resolution and high sensitivity ke instrument allow it to view objects to old, distant and faint for hubble space telescopes.
INTRODUCTION
Jwst was launched on 25th December 2021 on Ariane 5 rocket from corro French Guiana. It was placed in solar orbit near sun earth L2 langrange point about 1.5 million km from Earth. It’s first image was released on 11th July 2022.
DESIGN
Webb’s primary mirror consist of 18 hexagonal mirror segment made of gold plated beryllium which together create a 6.5 m diameter mirror. This gives webb a light collecting area of about 25 square metre, about 6 x of Hubble it can observe lower frequency range from long wavelength visible light through mid infrared. Telescope must be kept extremely cold, below 50 K so that infrared light emitted by telescope itself doesn’t interfere with collected light. Its 5 layers of sunshield protect it from warming by sun Earth and moon.
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
1) NIRCam – it is an infrared imager which has coverage ranging from edge of visible through near infrared. They are 10 sensors each of 4 megapixels. It’s serves as observatories value front sensor.
2) NIRSpec- it perform spectroscopy of same wavelength range. It provide three observing modes-
• low resolution mode using prism
• R~1000 multi object mode
• R~2700 integral field unit
3) MIRI- it measures the mid to long infrared wavelength range from 5-27 nanometer. It contains both mid infrared camera and imaging spectrometer.
4) NIRISS/FGS- Fine guidance sensor and near invalid images and slitless spectrograph is used to stabilize the line of side of observatory during science observations.
MISSION GOALS
✓ To search those stars and galaxies that was formed just after Big Bang
✓ To study and analyse star formation and planet formation
✓ To study planet system and origin of life
✓ To study galaxy formation and evolution
Scientific Discoveries
[1] Clarity in images-the last diameter mirror and multiple sensor system with well program execution have scientist and astrologers a lot to examine and clarify the mysteries of universe the clear and spectroscopic images are much better than any other telescope as it shows the beauty of universe at large scale.
[2] Direct image of an Exoplanet
For the first time astronomers succeed in taking direct image of planet outside solar system. It is a gas giant named HIP65426b is 12X mass of Jupiter. This image below show this planet view taken from NIRCam instrument in four different bands of infrared light.
[3] Atmospheric study of an Exoplanet LHS475b
The spectroscopic characterization of terrestrial exoplanet is made possible for first time with JWST.It creates a model of Rocky exoplanet LHS 475 b on 31st August 2022. Transmission spectrum is made by comparing star light filter through a planets atmosphere as it move in front of the star to unfiltered starlight detected when it is beside the stars. Studies related to it shows that LHS 475 b is approximately same size as that of Earth. It orbits are red dwarf roughly 41 light years away in octans constellation.
[4] Mysterious Boxy Ripples surround Wolf Rayet Star
Web captures over a decade worth of strange ripples around star system known as WR140. It is a binary system comprising WC7 type star approximately 5000 light years from Earth. These stars though have significant mass when there orbit bring them close.
[5] Clouds on Titan
Saturn’s largest moon and very strange world -Titan. Webb sights on Titan spotted clouds in northern hemisphere of Titan. NIRCam allow scientist to separate out lower atmosphere for more through observation the goal was to probe Titan from its stratosphere to surface to catch clouds with webb. Observations were a success.
[6] Ancient Galaxy
Researchers used webb to identify galaxy near this line of sight and show that the galaxies are generally surrounded by transparent regions about 2 million light years in radius. Webb witness galaxy in process of clearing space around them at the end of era of reionization. JWST has returned extra ordinary details near infrared image of galaxy that existed with the universe was only 900 million years old.
[7] Protoplanatory Disc in nearby star cluster
Nabila is a giant stellar nebula of which hot young stars are forming. JWST explore planets forming disc around stars in Lobster nebula.
[8] Jupiter Atmospheric discovery
NASA’s JWST has discovered a new never before seen feature in Jupiter atmosphere the high speed get stream which speeds more than 3000 miles wide sites over equator. It shows stunning detail of majestic planet in infrared light.
SOME BEAUTIFUL IMAGES BY JWST
THE_INFINITY 
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